The Sandbox has contained a cross-chain bridge exploit that allowed an attacker to create unbacked SAND tokens on Base and BNB Smart Chain, producing one of those crypto headlines that sounds physically impossible at first glance: security researchers counted billions of newly minted SAND, with one estimate putting their nominal value near $49 billion.

No, an attacker did not steal $49 billion from The Sandbox. There was never $49 billion of real value sitting there waiting to be withdrawn. The number came from applying SAND's normal market price to an absurd quan...